GUIDE

Your Guide to Lasting Powers of Attorney: Health and Welfare

A Health and Welfare Lasting Power of Attorney (LPA) is a document which, once formally registered, will allow someone else (who is called an Attorney) to make medical decisions as well as personal welfare decisions on behalf of someone else.

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Power of Attorney for Health and Welfare

Who is the Donor?

The person that the LPA is set up for is known as the donor. This is the person who is making the LPA and who is giving trusted people the power to make decisions for them if they are not able to do so.

Who is the Donor?

When does an LPA come into effect?

An LPA must be registered with the Office of the Public Guardian before it can be used. Once it has been registered the attorneys will be able to register it with the institutions the donor has accounts or investments with as well as sell/purchase any property.

When does an LPA come into effect?

Who are the Attorneys?

The Attorney(s) are the people who the Donor appoints to manage his/her property and financial affairs. Attorneys do not need to be professionals and they can be family or friends. They must be over the age of 18 and they cannot be bankrupt.

Who are the Attorneys?

What can the Attorneys do?

The Attorneys will be able to make decisions about the Donor’s health and personal care. This can include consenting to medical procedures, choice of care home provider and choice of diet. Unless the LPA explicitly authorises them to, the Attorneys will not be able to give consent or refusal to life-sustaining treatment such as chemotherapy or major surgery.

The Attorneys are not able to make decisions or act in respect of the Donor’s financial affairs. The Donor would need to make a LPA for Property and Affairs.

What can the Attorneys do?

Appointing Attorneys:

The Donor is able to appoint any number of attorneys:

Appointing a single Attorney

Many people choose to appoint a single attorney (such as a spouse or a child) and this means that only one person is making all the decisions and there will be no disputes about what is decided.

It is recommended that if the Donor chooses to appoint only one Attorney that he/she also names a replacement Attorney just in case the first named Attorney is not able to act for any reason. If only one Attorney is appointed and that Attorney dies or becomes incapable then the LPA will become invalid.

Appointing a single Attorney

Appointing more than one Attorney

If appointing more than one Attorney, the Donor needs to decide whether they should act “jointly and severally” or “jointly”:

“Jointly and severally” means that Attorneys can either act together or independently of each other. This allows a lot of flexibility as the Attorneys do not both need to sign off on every transaction and small or minor decisions can be dealt with easily and quickly. If one of the attorneys dies or becomes incapable of acting then the remaining Attorneys can continue to act as normal.

“Jointly” means that the Attorneys have to act together in all transactions and all decisions, even minor ones, and all their signatures are required. This can be advantageous in that the Donor will have the security that all Attorneys are signing off on every decision but it can also be less flexible as if one of the Attorneys dies or is not able to act then the LPA will become invalid. It also means that if any of the Attorneys are simply on holiday that no decisions or transactions will be able to be made until their return.

There is another option that the Donor can elect for and that is to appoint the Attorneys “Jointly for some decisions jointly and severally for other decisions”. This means that some decisions your Attorneys can make jointly and other decisions they can make separately. The Donor must describe in detail on the LPA form which decisions should be made jointly and jointly and severally. For example, the Donor could state that any decisions regarding medical treatment should be made jointly but that any decisions regarding what they wear should be made jointly and severally.

Appointing more than one Attorney

Appointing Replacement Attorneys

The Donor is able to appoint Replacement Attorneys who would be able to step in and act if the first named attorneys were not able to. This can be useful in case something happens to the original attorney (such as death or if their own mental capacity should decline) as it will allow the Replacement Attorney to act and the LPA would not be invalidated. If you only appoint one attorney, or if you appoint more than one attorney jointly, we would recommend that you consider appointing a Replacement Attorney.

Appointing Replacement Attorneys

Instructions to Attorneys

The Donor is able to detail specific instructions to the Attorneys on the LPA form. These instructions could detail how they are to act e.g. “My Attorneys must get a second medical opinion before consenting to any surgery”. The instructions must be clear and they must be legal. The Attorneys will be bound by them.

Instructions to Attorneys

Preferences 

The Donor is also able to detail any preferences to the Attorneys. Preferences are not binding but are persuasive and can be useful to give the Attorneys an insight into any wishes that the Donor may have e.g. “I would like my Attorneys to make sure all my food is organic” or “I would prefer to live within 5 miles of my children”.

Preferences

Authority to give consent to life sustaining treatment 

Life sustaining treatment is any treatment that a doctor or healthcare professional advises is necessary in order to keep someone alive. This can include a range of treatments including ventilation, surgery, chemotherapy as well as artificial feeding and fluids. The LPA has a specific section where the Donor can either give his appointed attorneys the specific authority to make decisions regarding life-sustaining treatment or not. If the Donor does not give that consent then it is likely that those sorts of decisions would be made by doctors.

Authority to give consent to life sustaining treatment

People to Notify

The Donor is able to select between 0 and 5 persons who will be notified when the LPA is registered. This is entirely optional. It is an additional safeguarding method that gives those named persons the right to raise any objections or concerns that they may have about the registration of the LPA.

People to Notify

Certificate Provider

Every LPA must be signed by what is known as a Certificate Provider. This is a person who must either be known personally to the Donor for at least 2 years prior to the LPA being made and who can confirm that the Donor understands the nature of the LPA and that no-one has forced him/her into making it. The Certificate Provider can also be a skills based professional such as a solicitor or a doctor (who does not need to have known the Donor for 2 years)

The Certificate Provider must NOT be:

  1. A member of the Donor’s family
  2. A member of the Attorney’s family
  3. An Attorney appointed by the same LPA
  4. A paid employee or business partner of the Donor
  5. An employee of a nursing or care home where the Donor resides
Certificate Provider

Expenses

Attorneys are entitled to recover any out of pocket expenses they have incurred whilst acting in their capacity as Attorney. If the Attorneys are professionals such as solicitors or accountants then they are able to charge for their time in acting.

Expenses

Registering the LPA

The Donor can choose to register the LPA at any time once it has been signed. In order for it to be registered it will need to be sent to the Office of the Public Guardian along with the registration fee which is currently £82 (although there are reductions for those with low income).

If the LPA is not registered and the Donor loses mental capacity then the Attorneys are under a duty to then register the LPA immediately.

Registering the LPA

Revoking the LPA

The LPA can be revoked by the Donor at any time up until the point that he/she loses mental capacity.

Revoking the LPA
For free initial advice call our advisors or request a callback and we will contact you.